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Neutropenia is the abnormally small number of neutrophil cells in
the blood. Neutrophils are a granular white blood cell, the most common type of white blood cell. They are responsible for much of the bodies
protection against
infection. Patients with neutropenia are more vulnerable to bacterial
infections. Without prompt medical attention,
Neutropenia may become life-threatening.
Neutropenia can be acute or chronic and
clinically is broken up into four levels based on severity.
Signs and Symptoms of Neutropenia
Neutropenia is often a silent disease, that being one which is
often difficult to see at first. Therefore, neutropenia symptoms are
generally discovered at a later stage when a patient has developed severe
infections or sepsis. During an infection in these types of neutropenia patients, common infections often take an
unexpected course. For example, formation of pus, can be notably absent, as the
formation of pus requires circulating neutrophils, a granular white blood cell.
The following list of neutropenia symptoms is not indicative of
the diagnosis of neutropenia, as many of neutropenia symptoms are general in nature and
may refer to any number of diseases. Rather, the following list is a list of
symptoms that often associate with neutropenia.
- Frequent infections - as mentioned above.
- Unusual redness, pain, or swelling around wounds
- Fever
- Diarrhoea
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Frequent Sore throats
- Shortness of Breath
- Shaking chills
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Diagnoses of Neutropenia
Depending on the severity of the disharmony, there are four
general guidelines used to classify the severity of neutropenia based on the
absolute neutrophil, a granular white blood cell count (ANC) measured in cells per microlitre of blood:
- Neutropenia: x < 2000 = slight risk of infection
- Mild Neutropenia: 1000 < x < 1500 = minimal risk of
infection
- Moderate Neutropenia: 500 < x < 1000 = moderate risk of
infection
- Severe Neutropenia: x < 500 = severe risk of infection.
Cause and Types of Neutropenia
Autoimmune
Neutropenia
Common in infants and toddlers. The body identifies the neutrophils as foreign bodies and makes antibodies to destroy them thus
attacking itself (autoimmune). This form typically begins to get better within
two years of diagnosis.
It is recommended that Transfer
Factor to be used in autoimmune conditions.
Transfer Factor Plus is generally preferred for
conditions caused by infection. Transfer Factors
suppress over acting immune system
to ease autoimmune conditions.
Congenital Neutropenia (
Kostmann’s Syndrome )
A rare inherited form of Neutropenia. It affects children most
often, and may result in premature loss of teeth and gum infections. The most
severe form of chronic congenital neutropenia is known as Kostmann’s Syndrome.
Cyclic Neutropenia
Forming a rhythm, this type of neutropenia forms a cycle,
occurring typically every three weeks and lasting three to six days at a time
due to changing rates of cell production by the bone marrow. It is often
familial, and typically improves after puberty. This is the rarest form of
severe chronic neutropenia.
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